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APA Style (Archived: 6th Edition)

No Author

When no author is provided, use the title of the source in place of the author's name in the references list. Follow APA rules for capitalization and formatting, depending on the type of source. List the entry alphabetically by the first word in the title:

Childhood trauma. (2010). Retrieved from http://childhood-trauma-information.org 

In-text Citation

(Childhood trauma, 2010, para. 5).

No Title

When no title is available, write a description of the item and place it in square brackets. Put this information where you would normally put the title.

Reference

Jones, B. D., Smith, R. J., & Robertson, V. (n.d.). [Description of childhood trauma]. Retrieved from http://childhood-trauma-information.org/define.htm

In-text Citation

(Jones, Smith, & Robertson, n.d., para. 6).

No Page Numbers

If a source has no page numbers, indicate paragraph number in the citation using the abbreviation para.

(Jones, 2012, para. 5).

No Date

When no publication date is available, enter the abbreviation n.d. in place of the publication date.

Reference

Jones, B. D., Smith, R. J., & Robertson, V. (n.d.). Defining traumatic experience in childhood. Retrieved from http://childhood-trauma-information.org/define.htm

In-text Citation

(Jones, Smith, & Robertson, n.d., para. 6).

Open License Statement

APA Guide, 6th Edition by Centennial College Libraries is licensed under a CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 license unless otherwise stated.

Create References with Missing Information

Consult the APA Style Blog for more information about creating references with missing or incomplete information.

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