You will usually find an example of how to cite your item on the libraries' APA guide. However, some items are unique and you will have to use the guidelines presented to make an educated guess of how to cite your item. Remember your responsibility is to give credit to the item in your hand the best way you know how - don't stress too much if the formatting isn't perfect - this is an opportunity to learn. Some tricky examples are listed below.
Video (interview)
General Format
Creator, A.A (Role). (Year). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL
Example - Interview from Where are the Children? with no date specified
Reference list:
Mattesse, L. (n.d.). Residential school survivor stories: Lejac Indian Residential School, Part 1 (Interview) [video file]. Retrieved from http://wherearethechildren.ca/en/stories/#story_1
In-text Citation:
(Mattesse, n.d., 4:03) [Where 4:03 is a time in the video if you are directly quoting from the interview, otherwise the closing bracket goes after the date]
Document from an Organization or Government Agency
General Format
Author. (Year). Title of document. Capiitalize first word in title and subtitle and proper nouns (Report number if provided). Retrieved from URL
Example - from National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation, school narrative
National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. (2004). Cecilia Jeffery IRS: School narrative. Retrieved from https://nctr.ca/School%20narratives/EAST/ON/CECILIA%20JEFFREY.pdf
In-text citation
1st in-text citation: (National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation [NCTR], 2004., p. ____) [only add the page number if you are quoting directly]
All other in- text citations: (NCTR, 2004, p. ____)
Chapter in an (edited) Book or eBook
General Format
Author A.A. (of the chapter) (Year). Title of the chapter. In book editor(s) A. Editor (Ed.), Book title in italics: Capitalize first word in title and subtitle (range of pages in the chapter). City of publication, State/Province or Country: Publisher (or database, or URL or DOI).
Example - from Our Stories ebook
Reference list:
Adams, J., Clarke, L., Kwan-Lafond, D., Mather, M., Thornhill, N., & Winterstein, S. (2018). Current issues: 1. Indian residential school system. In Our stories: First Peoples in Canada. Retrieved from https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/indigstudies/
In-text citation:
(Adams et al., 2018, “Introduction,” para. 2) [If there are no page numbers, use headings and paragraph numbers to identify the place in the work when you are using an exact quotation in your paper.]
Images
General Format
Creator, A. A. (Photographer). (Year). Title or description of image in italics [Digital image]. Retrieved from URL.
Example (from a website, no creator information)
Reference list:
Return of death of an Indian: Vital Statistics document [digital image]. (1931). Retrieved from https://thetyee.ca/News/2015/07/04/The-Gladys-We-Never-Knew/
[when you do not know who the creator was, the title or description part moves to the front of the reference]
In-text Citation:
(Return of death, 1931)
APA and MLA styles do not have a format for citing Indigenous Knowledge, so NorQuest College Library (2019) developed the following templates:
Unlike other personal communications, Elders and Knowledge Keepers should be cited in-text and in the reference list. The in-text citation format can be found under the In-Text Citation tab.
The citation format for the reference list follows the following format:
Last name, First initial., Nation/Community. Treaty Territory if applicable. Where they live if applicable. Topic/subject of communication if applicable. personal communication. Month Date, Year.
For example:
Cardinal, D., Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. personal communication. April 4, 2004.
Note: If you would like to approach an Elder or Knowledge Keeper for teachings, remember to follow protocol or if you are unsure what their protocol is, please ask them ahead of time.
Unlike most other personal communications, Elders and Knowledge Keepers should be cited in-text and in the reference list. In-text citation format can be found under the In-text Citations tab.
The citation format for the reference list follows the following format:
Last name, First name., Nation/Community. Treaty Territory if applicable. City/Community they live in if applicable. Topic/subject of communication if applicable. Date Month Year.
For example:
Cardinal, Delores., Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. 4 April 2004.
Note: If you would like to approach an Elder or Knowledge Keeper for teachings, remember to follow protocol or if you are unsure what their protocol is, please ask them ahead of time.